From Newsgroup: sci.space.news


http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6750

An Ice World...With an Ocean?
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
February 16, 2017

How a puzzling sensor reading transformed NASA's Cassini Saturn mission
and created a new target in the search for habitable worlds beyond Earth.

On Feb. 17, 2005, NASA's Cassini spacecraft was making the first-ever
close pass over Saturn's moon Enceladus as it worked through its detailed survey of the planet's icy satellites. Exciting, to be sure, just for
the thrill of exploration. But then Cassini's magnetometer instrument
noticed something odd.

Since NASA's two Voyager spacecraft made their distant flybys of Enceladus about 20 years prior, scientists had anticipated the little moon would
be an interesting place to visit with Cassini. Enceladus is bright white
-- the most reflective object in the solar system, in fact -- and it orbits
in the middle of a faint ring of dust-sized ice particles known as Saturn's
E ring. Scientists speculated ice dust was being kicked off its surface somehow. But they presumed it would be, essentially, a dead, airless ball
of ice.

[Video]
What Cassini saw didn't look like a frozen, airless body. Instead, it
looked something like a comet that was actively emitting gas. The magnetometer detected that Saturn's magnetic field, which envelops Enceladus, was perturbed above the moon's south pole in a way that didn't make sense for an inactive world. Could it be that the moon was actively replenishing gases it was breathing into space?

Thus began a hunt for clues that has turned out to be Cassini's most riveting detective story. "Enceladus was so exciting that, instead of just three
close flybys planned for our four-year primary mission, we added 20 more, including seven that went right through the geysers at the south pole,"
said Linda Spilker, Cassini project scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.

By following the trail of scientific breadcrumbs, Cassini eventually found that Enceladus harbors a global ocean of salty water under its icy crust, possibly with hydrothermal vents on its seafloor. The trail of clues that began with a puzzling magnetometer reading led to an understanding that
the moon -- and perhaps many small, icy moons like it throughout the cosmos
-- could potentially have the ingredients needed for life.

"Half the excitement of doing science is that you sometimes find yourself going in a totally different direction than you expected, which can lead
to amazing discoveries," said Spilker. "That little anomaly in Cassini's magnetometer signal was unusual enough that it eventually led us to an
ocean world."

For a timeline of Cassini's Enceladus discoveries, visit:

http://go.nasa.gov/2k0CRP3

Launched in 1997, the Cassini mission is currently in its final year of operations, performing weekly ring-grazing dives just past the outer edge
of Saturn's rings. In April, the spacecraft will begin its Grand Finale, plunging through the gap between the rings and the planet itself, leading
up to a final plunge into Saturn on September 15.

Cassini has been touring the Saturn system since arriving in 2004 for
an up-close study of the planet, its rings and moons, and its vast magnetosphere.
Cassini has made numerous dramatic discoveries, besides the activity at Enceladus, including liquid methane seas on another moon, Titan.

The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Italian Space Agency. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages the mission for
NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. JPL designed, developed
and assembled the Cassini orbiter.

More information about Cassini:

http://www.nasa.gov/cassini

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov

News Media Contact
Preston Dyches
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-394-7013
preston.dyches@jpl.nasa.gov

2017-041

SEEN-BY: 154/30 2320/100 0 1 227/0