NAME

      psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps


SYNOPSIS

      psmeca files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north [-Btickinfo] [-Cpen]
      [-Ddepmin/depmax] [-Efill] [-Gfill] [-H[n]] [-K] [-Lpen] [-M] [-N] [-O]
      [-P] [-S<symbol><scale>[/d]] [-Tnum_of_plane[<pen>]] [-U[label]] [-V]
      [-Wpen] [-Xx-shift] [-Yy-shift] [-Zcptfile] [-z] [-a<size>
      [P_symbol>[T_symbol]] [-gfill] [-efill] [-ppen] [-tpen] [-:] [-ccopies]


DESCRIPTION

      psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
      PostScript code that will plot focal mechanisms on a map.  Most
      options are the same as for psxy.  The PostScript code is written to
      standard output.



ARGUMENTS

      files List one or more file-names. If no files are given, psvelomeca
      will read standard input.

      -J Selects the map projection. Scale is cm/degree, 1:xxxxx. or width
      in cm (upper case modifier).

      See psbasemap manpages for details.

      -R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest.  To
      specify your boundaries in degrees and minutes, use the dd:mm format.

      -SSelects the meaning of the columns in the data file

      In order to use the same file to plot cross-sections, depth is in
      third column.  Nevetheless, it is possible to use "old style"
      psvelomeca input files without depth in third column using -o option.

      -Sascale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms in Aki and
      Richard convention.  scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
      "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is
      the size for magnitude = 5. in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is
      appended).  Use the -T option to render the beach ball transparent by
      drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference.  The color or
      shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G
      option.  The color or shade
       of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
      Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

      1,2  longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

      3    depth of event in kilometers


      4,5,6
           strike, dip and rake in degrees

      7    magnitude

      8,9  longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
           these columns are necessary with the -C option.  Using 0,0 in
           columns 8 and 9 will plot the beach ball at the latitude,
           longitude given in columns 1 and 2.  The -: option will
           interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).

      10   Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

           -Scscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms in Harvard
           CMT convention.  scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
           "beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale
           is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0 = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in
           inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).  Use the -T option to
           render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal
           planes and the circumference. The color or shade of the
           compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.  The
           color or shade
            of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
           Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:

      1,2  longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

      3    depth of event in kilometers

      4,5,6
           strike, dip, and rake of plane 1

      7,8,9
           strike, dip, and rake of plane 2

      10,11
           mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm

      12,13
           longitude,longitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
           these columns are necessary with the -C option.  Using (0,0) in
           columns 11 and 12 will plot the beach ball at the latitude,
           longitude given in columns 1 and 2.  The -: option will
           interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (12,13).

      14   Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
           -Smscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Seismic moment tensor
           (Harvard CMT, with zero trace). scale adjusts the scaling of the
           radius of the "beachball", which will be proportional to the
           magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is scalar
           seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p
           is appended).  (-T0 option overlays best double couple
           transparently.) Put -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the
           only double couple part of moment tensor.  Put
           -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of
           moment tensor (zero trace).  The color or shade of the
           compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.  The
           color or shade
            of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
           Parameters are expected to be in the following columns

      1,2  longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

      3    depth of event in kilometers

      4,5,6,7,8,9
           mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm

      10   exponent

      11,12
           latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
           columns are necessary with the -C option.  Using 0,0 in columns 9
           and 10 will plot the beach ball at the latitude, longitude given
           in columns 1 and 2.  The -: option will interchange the order of
           columns (1,2) and (9,10).

      13   Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

           -Spscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms given with
           partial data on both palnes.  scale adjusts the scaling of the
           radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
           magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 in inch (unless c,
           i, m, or p is appended).  The color or shade of the compressive
           quadrants can be specified with the -G option.  The color or
           shade
            of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
           Parameters are expected to be in the following columns

      1,2  longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

      3    depth of event in kilometers

      4,5  strike, dip of plane 1

      6    strike of plane 2

      7    must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault

      8    magnitude


      9,10 latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
           columns are necessary with the -C option.  Using 0,0 in columns 9
           and 10 will plot the beach ball at the latitude, longitude given
           in columns 1 and 2.  The -: option will interchange the order of
           columns (1,2) and (9,10).

      11   Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

           -Sxscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. principal axis. scale
           adjusts
            the scaling of the radius of the "beachball", which will be
           proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude =
           5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm) in inch
           (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).  (-T0 option overlays best
           double couple transparently.) Put
           -Syscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double
           couple part of moment tensor.  Put
           -Stscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot zero trace moment
           tensor.  The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be
           specified with the -G option.  The color or shade
            of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
           Parameters are expected to be in the following columns

      1,2  longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)

      3    depth of event in kilometers

      4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
           value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of T, N, P axis.

      13   exponent

      14,15
           latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
           columns are necessary with the -C option.  Using 0,0 in columns 9
           and 10 will plot the beach ball at the latitude, longitude given
           in columns 1 and 2.  The -: option will interchange the order of
           columns (1,2) and (9,10).

      16   Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).

           -R west, east, south, and north specify the region of interest.
           To specify your boundaries in degrees and minutes, use the dd:mm
           format by appending 'm'.


OPTIONS

      No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.

      -B Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap for details.

      -C[pen] Offsets focal mechanisms to the latitude and longitude
      specified in the last two columns of the input file.

      -D depmin/depmax Plots events between depmin and depmax.

      -Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white.  Set the
      shade (0255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].

      -Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms.  By convention, the
      compressional quadrants of the focal mechanism beach balls are shaded.
      Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0].

      -H[n] Input file(s) has n Header record(s). Number of header records
      can be changed by editing your .gmtdefaults file. If used, GMT-SYSTEM
      default is 1 header record.

      -K Means more PostScript code will be appended later. [Default
      terminates the plot system]

      -L[pen] Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen (see -W), or
      sets pen attributes.

      -N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside frame boundary specified by
      -R [Default plots symbols inside frame only].

      -O Selects Overlay plot mode. [Default initializes a new plot system]

      -P Selects Portrait plotting mode. [Default is Landscape]

      -T[num_of_plane] Plots the nodal planes and outline the bubble which
      is transparent.
            num_of_plane equal  0 : both nodal planes are plotted;
            num_of_plane equal  1 : the only first nodal plane is plotted;
            num_of_plane equal  2 : the only second nodal plane is plotted;

      -U Draws Unix System time stamp on plot.  Append c to plot the command
      line or a text string of your choice.

      -V Verbose.  Reports the name of the current file being plotted, as
      well as number of records.

      -W Set default pen attributes for fault plane edges, label, ....
       [Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].

      -X -Y Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift) inches  [Default is
      (1,1) for new plots, (0,0) for overlays].

      -Zcptfile Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be
      determined by the z-value in the third column.

      -z Overlay zero trace moment tensor.

      -a[axis_symbol_size[c/i][/P_axis_symbol[T_axis_symbol]]]
      Computes and plots P and T axis.  - axis_symbol_size in inch [default
      is 0.2 cm or 0.08 inches].  inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended)
      - default P and T axis symbols is 'c'
      Choose between the following : (c) circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon,
      (i) inverse triangle, (p)point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross.

      -efill Selects filling of T axis symbol.  Set the shade (0255) or
      color (r/g/b) [Default is color of extensive parts.

      -gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol.  Set the shade (0255) or
      color (r/g/b) [Default is color of compressive parts.

      -p[pen] Draws the P axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets
      pen attributes.
      sp.  -t[pen] Draws the T axis outline using current pen (see -W), or
      sets pen attributes.
      sp.  -: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
      input/output.  [Default is (longitude,latitude)]

      -c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]


EXAMPLES

      The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mechanism:
      psmeca << END -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4 \
      -Sc0.4 -H1 >! test.ps
      lon     lat    depth str dip slip  st dip slip mant exp plon plat
      239.384 34.556  12.  180  18  -88   0  72  -90  5.5  0   0    0
      END



SEE ALSO

      gmtsystem, psbasemap, psxy.


REFERENCES

      Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
      Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismolgy, Freeman, 1980.
      F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
      p.167.
      Cliff Frohlich, Cliff'Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
      and Sv
      Seismological Reasearch Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-
      February, 1996
      Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic
      Press, 1995, p.384.
      W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
      Recipes in
       C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)


AUTHORS

      Genevieve Patau
      CNRS UMR 7580
      Seismology Dept.
      Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
      (patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)
















































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