NAME
psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps
SYNOPSIS
psmeca files -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north [-Btickinfo] [-Cpen]
[-Ddepmin/depmax] [-Efill] [-Gfill] [-H[n]] [-K] [-Lpen] [-M] [-N] [-O]
[-P] [-S<symbol><scale>[/d]] [-Tnum_of_plane[<pen>]] [-U[label]] [-V]
[-Wpen] [-Xx-shift] [-Yy-shift] [-Zcptfile] [-z] [-a<size>
[P_symbol>[T_symbol]] [-gfill] [-efill] [-ppen] [-tpen] [-:] [-ccopies]
DESCRIPTION
psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
PostScript code that will plot focal mechanisms on a map. Most
options are the same as for psxy. The PostScript code is written to
standard output.
ARGUMENTS
files List one or more file-names. If no files are given, psvelomeca
will read standard input.
-J Selects the map projection. Scale is cm/degree, 1:xxxxx. or width
in cm (upper case modifier).
See psbasemap manpages for details.
-R west, east, south, and north specify the Region of interest. To
specify your boundaries in degrees and minutes, use the dd:mm format.
-SSelects the meaning of the columns in the data file
In order to use the same file to plot cross-sections, depth is in
third column. Nevetheless, it is possible to use "old style"
psvelomeca input files without depth in third column using -o option.
-Sascale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms in Aki and
Richard convention. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
"beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is
the size for magnitude = 5. in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is
appended). Use the -T option to render the beach ball transparent by
drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference. The color or
shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G
option. The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6
strike, dip and rake in degrees
7 magnitude
8,9 longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in
columns 8 and 9 will plot the beach ball at the latitude,
longitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will
interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).
10 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Scscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms in Harvard
CMT convention. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the
"beach ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale
is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0 = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in
inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended). Use the -T option to
render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal
planes and the circumference. The color or shade of the
compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following columns:
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6
strike, dip, and rake of plane 1
7,8,9
strike, dip, and rake of plane 2
10,11
mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm
12,13
longitude,longitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using (0,0) in
columns 11 and 12 will plot the beach ball at the latitude,
longitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will
interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (12,13).
14 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Smscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Seismic moment tensor
(Harvard CMT, with zero trace). scale adjusts the scaling of the
radius of the "beachball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is scalar
seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p
is appended). (-T0 option overlays best double couple
transparently.) Put -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the
only double couple part of moment tensor. Put
-Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic part of
moment tensor (zero trace). The color or shade of the
compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The
color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following columns
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9
mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm
10 exponent
11,12
latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in columns 9
and 10 will plot the beach ball at the latitude, longitude given
in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of
columns (1,2) and (9,10).
13 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Spscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. Focal mechanisms given with
partial data on both palnes. scale adjusts the scaling of the
radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 in inch (unless c,
i, m, or p is appended). The color or shade of the compressive
quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or
shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following columns
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5 strike, dip of plane 1
6 strike of plane 2
7 must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault
8 magnitude
9,10 latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in columns 9
and 10 will plot the beach ball at the latitude, longitude given
in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of
columns (1,2) and (9,10).
11 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-Sxscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]. principal axis. scale
adjusts
the scaling of the radius of the "beachball", which will be
proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude =
5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm) in inch
(unless c, i, m, or p is appended). (-T0 option overlays best
double couple transparently.) Put
-Syscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot the only double
couple part of moment tensor. Put
-Stscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot zero trace moment
tensor. The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be
specified with the -G option. The color or shade
of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option.
Parameters are expected to be in the following columns
1,2 longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order)
3 depth of event in kilometers
4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of T, N, P axis.
13 exponent
14,15
latitude,longitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in these
columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0 in columns 9
and 10 will plot the beach ball at the latitude, longitude given
in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order of
columns (1,2) and (9,10).
16 Text string to appear above the beach ball (optional).
-R west, east, south, and north specify the region of interest.
To specify your boundaries in degrees and minutes, use the dd:mm
format by appending 'm'.
OPTIONS
No space between the option flag and the associated arguments.
-B Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap for details.
-C[pen] Offsets focal mechanisms to the latitude and longitude
specified in the last two columns of the input file.
-D depmin/depmax Plots events between depmin and depmax.
-Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white. Set the
shade (0255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 255/255/255].
-Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the
compressional quadrants of the focal mechanism beach balls are shaded.
Set the shade (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0].
-H[n] Input file(s) has n Header record(s). Number of header records
can be changed by editing your .gmtdefaults file. If used, GMT-SYSTEM
default is 1 header record.
-K Means more PostScript code will be appended later. [Default
terminates the plot system]
-L[pen] Draws the "beach ball" outline using current pen (see -W), or
sets pen attributes.
-N Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside frame boundary specified by
-R [Default plots symbols inside frame only].
-O Selects Overlay plot mode. [Default initializes a new plot system]
-P Selects Portrait plotting mode. [Default is Landscape]
-T[num_of_plane] Plots the nodal planes and outline the bubble which
is transparent.
num_of_plane equal 0 : both nodal planes are plotted;
num_of_plane equal 1 : the only first nodal plane is plotted;
num_of_plane equal 2 : the only second nodal plane is plotted;
-U Draws Unix System time stamp on plot. Append c to plot the command
line or a text string of your choice.
-V Verbose. Reports the name of the current file being plotted, as
well as number of records.
-W Set default pen attributes for fault plane edges, label, ....
[Defaults: width = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].
-X -Y Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift) inches [Default is
(1,1) for new plots, (0,0) for overlays].
-Zcptfile Give a color palette file and let compressive part color be
determined by the z-value in the third column.
-z Overlay zero trace moment tensor.
-a[axis_symbol_size[c/i][/P_axis_symbol[T_axis_symbol]]]
Computes and plots P and T axis. - axis_symbol_size in inch [default
is 0.2 cm or 0.08 inches]. inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended)
- default P and T axis symbols is 'c'
Choose between the following : (c) circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon,
(i) inverse triangle, (p)point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross.
-efill Selects filling of T axis symbol. Set the shade (0255) or
color (r/g/b) [Default is color of extensive parts.
-gfill Selects filling of P axis symbol. Set the shade (0255) or
color (r/g/b) [Default is color of compressive parts.
-p[pen] Draws the P axis outline using current pen (see -W), or sets
pen attributes.
sp. -t[pen] Draws the T axis outline using current pen (see -W), or
sets pen attributes.
sp. -: Toggles between (longitude,latitude) and (latitude,longitude)
input/output. [Default is (longitude,latitude)]
-c Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]
EXAMPLES
The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mechanism:
psmeca << END -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4 \
-Sc0.4 -H1 >! test.ps
lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp plon plat
239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0 0
END
SEE ALSO
gmtsystem, psbasemap, psxy.
REFERENCES
Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismolgy, Freeman, 1980.
F. A. Dahlen and Jeoren Trom, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
p.167.
Cliff Frohlich, Cliff'Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
and Sv
Seismological Reasearch Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-
February, 1996
Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic
Press, 1995, p.384.
W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
Recipes in
C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
AUTHORS
Genevieve Patau
CNRS UMR 7580
Seismology Dept.
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
(patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)
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