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                        Astronomy Picture of the Day

   [1]Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
      fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation
                    written by a professional astronomer.

                                2021 March 17
   [2]The surface of Venus is shown as captured by the Venera 13 lander in
                           1982. See Explanation.

                     The Surface of Venus from Venera 13
    Image Credit: [3]Soviet Planetary Exploration Program, [4]Venera 13;
    Processing & [5]Copyright: [6]Donald Mitchell & Michael Carroll (used
                              with permission)

   Explanation: If you could stand on [7]Venus -- what would you see?
   Pictured is the view from Venera 13, a robotic [8]Soviet lander which
   parachuted and [9]air-braked down through the thick Venusian atmosphere
   in March of 1982. The desolate landscape it saw included flat rocks,
   vast empty terrain, and a featureless sky above [10]Phoebe Regio near
   [11]Venus' equator. On the lower left is the spacecraft's
   [12]penetrometer used to make scientific measurements, while the light
   piece on the right is part of an ejected lens-cap. Enduring
   [13]temperatures near 450 degrees [14]Celsius and [15]pressures 75
   times that on Earth, the hardened [16]Venera spacecraft lasted only
   about two hours. Although data from [17]Venera 13 was beamed across the
   inner [18]Solar System almost 40 years ago, digital processing and
   merging of [19]Venera's unusual images continues even today. Recent
   analyses of [20]infrared measurements taken by [21]ESA's orbiting
   [22]Venus Express spacecraft indicate that active [23]volcanoes may
   currently exist on Venus.

                       Tomorrow's picture: open space
     __________________________________________________________________

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    Authors & editors: [35]Robert Nemiroff ([36]MTU) & [37]Jerry Bonnell
                                 ([38]UMCP)
          NASA Official: Phillip Newman [39]Specific rights apply.
              [40]NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
                A service of: [41]ASD at [42]NASA / [43]GSFC
                           & [44]Michigan Tech. U.

References

   1. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html
   2. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2103/Venus_Venera13_1705.jpg
   3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_space_program
   4. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-13/in-depth/
   5. http://mentallandscape.com/Copyright.htm
   6. https://twitter.com/donaldm38768041/
   7. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/venus/overview/
   8. http://mentallandscape.com/V_Venus.htm
   9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_brake_(aeronautics)
  10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoebe_Regio
  11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera#/media/File:VenusLanderTopo.jpg
  12. https://twitter.com/3dmattias/status/770552449660624896
  13. https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/681/solar-system-temperatures/
  14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius
  15. https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/venus-air-pressure
  16. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/venera.html
  17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venera_13
  18. https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/orrery/#/home
  19. http://mentallandscape.com/V_DigitalImages.htm
  20. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap200114.html
  21. http://www.esa.int/
  22. http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Venus_Express
  23. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap201027.html
  24. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap210316.html
  25. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/archivepix.html
  26. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/apsubmit2015.html
  27. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/aptree.html
  28. https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
  29. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/calendar/allyears.html
  30. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod.rss
  31. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/edlinks.html
  32. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html
  33. http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=210317
  34. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap210318.html
  35. http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
  36. http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
  37. https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
  38. http://www.astro.umd.edu/
  39. https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/lib/about_apod.html#srapply
  40. https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
  41. https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
  42. https://www.nasa.gov/
  43. https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
  44. http://www.mtu.edu/